![]() Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party since 1989, showed little support. Īt first, Deng's southern tour was ignored by Beijing and national media, which were then under the control of Deng's political rivals. After spending the 1992 Chinese New Year in Shanghai, Deng briefly visited Nanjing in Jiangsu Province as well as Anhui Province on his way back to Beijing on February 20. After that, he briefly stayed in Jiangxi Province, and on January 31 Deng arrived in Shanghai, the last stop of his southern tour. He then visited several cities in Guangdong Province, including Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Guangzhou from January 19 to 29. The tour Īt 87 years old, Deng Xiaoping began his southern tour on January 18, 1992, when he visited the Wuchang District of Wuhan in Hubei Province as well as Changsha in Hunan Province. ![]() On the other hand, several media in Beijing, controlled by Jiang Zemin and Li Peng (then Premier of China), responded by directly criticizing the "Huang Fuping" articles and questioned whether China was following a capitalist path or a socialist path. Starting from the spring of 1991, the Liberation Daily newspaper in Shanghai published several articles authored by "Huang Fuping (皇甫平)", promoting reforms, which quickly gained support amongst local officials and populace. As a result, the Reforms and Opening-up program came to a virtual halt, especially after the Revolutions of 1989 in Europe and around the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. In November 1989, the CCP Central Committee passed a resolution ("关于进一步治理整顿和深化改革的决定"), stating that the pace of reforms was too fast, and decided to overhaul the changes. After Zhao Ziyang, former CCP General Secretary and a leading reformist, was forced to leave his position for supporting the students and opposing military suppression in the Tiananmen Square protests, Jiang Zemin was appointed the new General Secretary with the support of several powerful left-wing conservative leaders such as Chen Yun and Li Xiannian. Members of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had serious disagreements on whether the Reforms and Opening-up program should continue after Deng Xiaoping ordered the military crackdown on 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Historical background Halt of Reforms and Opening-up However, although Deng himself mentioned that anti-corruption must be imposed throughout the entire Reforms and Opening-up process and emphasized the importance of rule of law, the Southern Tour did not resolve the corruption issue as well as the widening economic inequality in China, nor did it resume China's political reforms which failed and ended in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Some of the notable remarks and comments from Deng during the tour included "I don't care if the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice" (不管黑猫白猫,能捉到老鼠就是好猫), which was originally published by him in 1960s, and "development is of overriding importance (发展才是硬道理)” as well as " should be bolder in carrying out the Reforms and Opening-up, dare to make experiments and should not act as women with bound feet". He also wished that Guangdong province would catch up with the " Four Asian Tigers" in terms of economic development within 20 years. ĭuring the southern tour, Deng emphasized to several military leaders of the People's Liberation Army including Yang Shangkun, Liu Huaqing and Yang Baibing, that "those who do not promote reform should be brought down from their leadership positions", forcing Jiang Zemin, then General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), to support and continue the Reforms and Opening-up program. The 1992 Southern Tour is widely regarded as a critical point in the modern history of China, as it saved the Chinese economic reform as well as the capital market, and preserved the stability of the society. The talks and remarks made by Deng during the tour resumed and reinforced the implementation of his " Reforms and Opening-up" program in mainland China, which came to a halt after the military crackdown on 1989 Tiananmen Square protests ordered by Deng himself. Deng Xiaoping's southern tour ( simplified Chinese: 邓小平南巡 traditional Chinese: 鄧小平南巡), or 1992 southern tour (simplified Chinese: 九二南巡 traditional Chinese: 九二南巡), was the tour of Deng Xiaoping, late Paramount leader of China, in southern China, including in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Shanghai, from January 18 to February 21, 1992.
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